Keywords
Baobab seed meal
Clarias gariepinus
Growth performance
Clarias gariepinus
Growth performance
Abstract
Utilization of plant protein sources in aquaculture has continued to produce more promising results toward alleviating the high cost of feeding. This study examined the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with baobab seed meal (BBSM) in the diet of C. gariepinus fingerlings (3.66±0.37 – 4.16±0.31 and 7.03±0.33 to 7.26±0.57cm standard length). Four iso-nitrogenous (35% crude protein) diets were formulated to replace SBM with BBSM at the rates of 0, 10, 20, and 30% inclusion levels. The experimental diets were fed to fingerlings for 12 weeks in triplicates in 2 x 2 x 1.2 m outdoor concrete ponds partitioned into 4. The fish were stocked at 10 fish/1m2. The result shows that mean weight gain, Specific growth rate, Feed conversation ratio, and survival were higher in fingerlings fed 10 % BBSM. However, the final weight was higher in the control diet. Final weight, feed intake, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio values were not significantly different (p˂0. 05) among the entire treatments. Baobab seed meal can therefore be used to replace soya bean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings diet at 10% inclusion level without compromising growth and nutrient utilization.
References
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Anene, A., Afam-Anene, O.C. and Onyekachi, C. (2012). Nutritive value and utilization of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal as plant protein source in the diet of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Clariidae). Journal of Research in Biology, 2(4):348 - 354.
AOAC.(2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC). Official methods of analysis, 17th edition AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Ashraf, M. A., Zafar, A., Rauf, S., Mehboob and Qureshi, N. A. (2011). Nutritional values of wild and cultivated silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 13: 210–214.
Cahu, C., Salen, P.D. and Lorgeril, M. (2004). Farmed and wild fish in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: assessing possible differences in lipid nutritional values. NutrMetabCardiovas 14:34–41.
Duncan, D. B. (1955).Multiple ranges and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11:1- 42.
Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. and Jimoh, W.A. (2013). Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Sunflower and Sesame Seed Meal in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8, 43-50.
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Faturoti, E.O. (1989). Effects of supplementary feeding and organic manuring on the production of African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). J. West Afr. Fish, 4:187–195.
Jabeen, S, Salim M. and Akhtar P. (2004). Study on feed conversion ratio of major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings fed on cotton seed meal, fish meal and barley. Pakistan Vetenary Journal, 24(1): 42-46.
Keembiyehetty, C.N. and De Silva, S.S. (1993). Performance of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (Lin.) reared on diets containing cowpea, Vigna unguiculataand Blackgrain, Phaseolusmungo seeds. Aqua 112: 207-215.
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Hossain, M.A., Nahar N., Kamal M., and Islam, M.N. (1995). Nutrient digestibility coefficients of some plant and animal proteins for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). J. Aquaculture in the Tropics, 7: 257-266.
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Mwale, M., Mupangwa J.F., Mapiye C.,Saina H. and Chimvuramahwe, J. (2008). Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl keets fed graded levels of baobab seed cake diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 429-432.
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Omitoyin, B.O. and Faturoti, E.O. (2000). Effect of raw and parboiled chicken offal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Aquabyte, 1: 20-25.
Pillay, T.V.R. (1990). Aquaculture principles and practices. Fishing News Books. A division of Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., 575 Pp.
Preston, T.R. and Leng, R.A. (1987). Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and sub-tropics. Penambul Books. Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, 127 Pp.
Robinson, D. and D.N. Singh, (2001) Alternative protein sources for laying hens. A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Publication, 144: 1p.
Shabbir, S., Salim M., Rashid M. (2003). Study on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) fed on sunflower meal, wheat bran and maize gluten (30%). Pakistan Veterinary Journal., 23(1):1-3.
Sidibe, M., Scheuring J.F., Tembelv D., Sidibe M.M, Hofman, P. and Frigg, M. (1998). Baobab –homegrown vitamin C for Africa. Agroforestry Today, 8(92):13-15.
Tibbets, S.M., Lall, S.P. and Milley J.E. (2005). Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels and dietary Protein/dietary energy ratio on growth, feed utilization, and hepatosomatic index of juvenile haddock, Melanogram saeglefonus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11: 67-78.
Adikwu, I.A. (2003). A review of aquaculture nutrition in aquaculture development in Nigeria. In:Proceeding of the Joint Fisheries Society of Nigeria, National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, FAO-National Special Programme for Food Security and National Workshop on Fish Feed Development and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture held at National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New-Bussa. 15th – 19th September, 2003 (Eyo, A. A. Ed): 34 – 42.
Aduku, A.O. (1993). Tropical Feedstuffs Analysis Table, Feed and Feeding, Pasture Management, monogastric and Ruminant nutrition. Living book series, G.U. Publication, 127Pp.
Alegbeleye, W.A.O. (2005). Growth performance and haematological profiles of Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas, 1983) fingerlings fed differently processed cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum Linn., 1735) meal. Ph.D Thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 213Pp.
Anene, A., Afam-Anene, O.C. and Onyekachi, C. (2012). Nutritive value and utilization of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal as plant protein source in the diet of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Clariidae). Journal of Research in Biology, 2(4):348 - 354.
AOAC.(2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC). Official methods of analysis, 17th edition AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Ashraf, M. A., Zafar, A., Rauf, S., Mehboob and Qureshi, N. A. (2011). Nutritional values of wild and cultivated silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 13: 210–214.
Cahu, C., Salen, P.D. and Lorgeril, M. (2004). Farmed and wild fish in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: assessing possible differences in lipid nutritional values. NutrMetabCardiovas 14:34–41.
Duncan, D. B. (1955).Multiple ranges and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11:1- 42.
Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O. and Jimoh, W.A. (2013). Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Sunflower and Sesame Seed Meal in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8, 43-50.
FAO (1988).Traditional Food Plants. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO/UN), Rome.Food and Nutrition Paper, 42Pp.
Faturoti, E.O. (1989). Effects of supplementary feeding and organic manuring on the production of African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). J. West Afr. Fish, 4:187–195.
Jabeen, S, Salim M. and Akhtar P. (2004). Study on feed conversion ratio of major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings fed on cotton seed meal, fish meal and barley. Pakistan Vetenary Journal, 24(1): 42-46.
Keembiyehetty, C.N. and De Silva, S.S. (1993). Performance of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (Lin.) reared on diets containing cowpea, Vigna unguiculataand Blackgrain, Phaseolusmungo seeds. Aqua 112: 207-215.
Lagler, K.F. (1956). Freshwater Fishery Biology. W .C. Brown Company, Dubugue, Iowa. 421Pp.
Lie, O., Lied, E. and Lamberaton, G. (1989). Haematological values and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in cod (Gadusmorhua) fed at different water temperatures. Aquaculture, 79: 137-144.
Hossain, M.A., Nahar N., Kamal M., and Islam, M.N. (1995). Nutrient digestibility coefficients of some plant and animal proteins for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). J. Aquaculture in the Tropics, 7: 257-266.
Madu, C.T. and Akilo, K.T. (2001). The use of live maggot and on live Tilapia fry as an unconventional diet for juvenile of the catfish.. In: Eyo, A.A (edit). Fish technology and Fish, 72-75.
Mwale, M., Mupangwa J.F., Mapiye C.,Saina H. and Chimvuramahwe, J. (2008). Growth Performance of Guinea Fowl keets fed graded levels of baobab seed cake diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 429-432.
Oladunjoye I. O., Ojo, A. J. and Jamiu, B. A. (2014) Evaluation of baobab seed meal as feed for growing rabbits Int. J.Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci . 3(6) :971-977.
Omitoyin, B.O. and Faturoti, E.O. (2000). Effect of raw and parboiled chicken offal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Aquabyte, 1: 20-25.
Pillay, T.V.R. (1990). Aquaculture principles and practices. Fishing News Books. A division of Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., 575 Pp.
Preston, T.R. and Leng, R.A. (1987). Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and sub-tropics. Penambul Books. Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, 127 Pp.
Robinson, D. and D.N. Singh, (2001) Alternative protein sources for laying hens. A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Publication, 144: 1p.
Shabbir, S., Salim M., Rashid M. (2003). Study on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) fed on sunflower meal, wheat bran and maize gluten (30%). Pakistan Veterinary Journal., 23(1):1-3.
Sidibe, M., Scheuring J.F., Tembelv D., Sidibe M.M, Hofman, P. and Frigg, M. (1998). Baobab –homegrown vitamin C for Africa. Agroforestry Today, 8(92):13-15.
Tibbets, S.M., Lall, S.P. and Milley J.E. (2005). Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels and dietary Protein/dietary energy ratio on growth, feed utilization, and hepatosomatic index of juvenile haddock, Melanogram saeglefonus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11: 67-78.