Keywords
Acute toxicity
Parkia biglobosa pods
C. gariepinus
Parkia biglobosa pods
C. gariepinus
Abstract
The toxicity of aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa pods on Clarias gariepinus juveniles was investigated over a 96hrs exposure period using the static bioassay. Fish exposed to an extract of P. biglobosa pods exhibited respiratory distress, abnormal behaviours, and death. No mortality was recorded in the control fish. The 96 hrs lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value for aqueous extracts were 656.05µl/l at upper and lower confidence limits of 740.02µl/l and 582.61µl/l respectively. It was concluded that aqueous extracts of P. biglobosa pods are toxic to C. gariepinus juveniles which also impairs water quality and affects fish production.
References
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Agunu, A., Yusuf, S., Andrew G.O, Zezi,A.U. and Abdulrahman, E.M. (2005). Evaluation of fine medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101:27−30.
Ajaiyeoba, E.O. (2002). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts. Africa Journal of Biomedical Resource, 5 (3):125 – 129.
Anthony, A. D. (1982). Identification of Nigerian Freshwater Fishes. University of Jos Press, Jos, Nigeria, 21Pp.
APHA, (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. 16thEdn, American Public Health Association, New York, 1193Pp.
Ayuba, V.O and Ofojekwu, P.C. (2002). Acute toxicity of the root extract of Jimson ̓s Weed, Datura innoxia to the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Journal of Aquatic Science, 17(2):131-133.
Clay, D. (1979). Population biology growth and feeding of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with special reference to juveniles and their impotence in fish culture. Arch. Hydrobiol., 87:453-482.
Dahiya, S. A., Kuar and N.Jain, (2000). Studies on diflouridation of water with Eichornia Plant. J. Environ Biol., 21:337-340.
El-Mahmood, A.M. and Ameh, J. M. (2007). In-vitro Antibacterial activity of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) root bark extract against some micro-organisms associated with urinary tract infections. Africa Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (11):1272-1275.
Ezike, C. and Ufodike, E.B.C. (2008). Acute toxicity of petrol to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Annals of Research in Nigeria, 6:1-4.
Fafioye, O.O. (2005). Plants with piscicidal activities in South Western Nigeria.Turk. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci., 5:91-97.
Fafioye, O.O., Adebisi, A.A. and Fagade, S.O. (2004). Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extract on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Afr. J. Biotechnology, 3:627-630.
FAO (1986).Manual of methods in aquatic environment research. Part 10. Short-term static bioassays. FAO Fish Tech. Paper No. 247: 62Pp.
Hogendoorn, H. (1979) Controlled propagation of Africa catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V) Reproductive biology and field experiment. Aquaculture, 17:323−333.
Hopkins, B. (1983).The taxonomy, reproductive biology and economic potentials of Parkia in Africa and Madagascar.Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 87:135−167.
Jenness, J. (1967). The use of plants as fish poison within the Kainji Basin. In: Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Reed W (ed.). Gaskiya Corporation, Zaria, Nigeria, 201−202.
Kori-Siakpere, O. and Oviroh, E.O. (2011). Acute toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust on the African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Archives of Applied Science Research, 3:1− 7.
Okomoda, V.T. and Ataguba, G.A. (2011): Blood glucose response of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of glyphosate-sopropylammonium (Sunsate). Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, 3(6):69-75.
Olaifa, F. E., Olaifa, A.K. and Lewis, O.O. (2003).Toxic stress of lead on Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) fingerlings. Afr. J. Biomed Res., 6:101-104.
Omoregie, E., Okpannchi, A. and Onusiriuka, B. (1998). Effects of sublethal concentrations of formalin on weight gain in the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Trewaves) Asian Fisheries Science 10: 323-327.
Omoniyi, I. Agbon, A.O., Sodunke, S.A. (2002). Effect of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of tobacco(Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust extract on weight and haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus (burchell) Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management.6(2):37-
Onusiriuka, B. C. and Ufodike, B. C.(1994). Acute toxicity of water extracts of sausage, Kigelia africana plant, and akee apple, Blighia sapida, on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 9:35-41.
Orasaye, J. A. O. and Ogbebo, P. E. (1997).The acute toxicity of copper to Clarias gariepinus in soft water.Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 10:19-23.
Oshode, O.A.,Bakare, A.A.,Adeogun, A.A. and Sowunmi, A. A.(2008). Eco-toxicological Assessment using Clarias gariepinus and Microbial Characterization of Leachte from Municipal Solid Landfill, International Journal of Environmental Research, 2(4):391-400.
Oti, E.E and Ukpabi,U.H (2000). Acute toxicity of milk extracts Thevetia peruviana (Persoon) to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Tengels). Afr. J. Sci. Technol., 1:132-138.
Rahman, M. M., Varga, I. and Choudhury, S.N. (1992). Manual on African Magur (Clarias gariepinus) Culture in Bangladesh. FAO-UNDP, Dhaka. Bangladesh, 1-45.
Reed, W., Barichard, J. Hopson, J.A., James, J. and Yaro, T. (1969). Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria, Zaria, Gaskiya Co-operation, 226 Pp.
United Nation Environmental Program (1989). Estimate of Acute Lethal Toxicity of Pollutants in Marine Fish and Invetebrates. Reference Methods for Pollution Studies, 43: 27Pp.
Usman, J.I., Auta, J., Adamu, A. and Bolorondro, P. (2010). Toxicity of methanol Extract of Tephosia vogelii, F. (Hook) to the Juveniles of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus, (Teugels). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (IJPRD), 2(1):31-32.
USN International (2003). Genstat Discovery Edition 4. USN International Limited Van Andel, T. (2000). The diverse uses of fish-poison plants in Northwest Guyana.Economic Botany 54:500- 512.
Agunu, A., Yusuf, S., Andrew G.O, Zezi,A.U. and Abdulrahman, E.M. (2005). Evaluation of fine medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101:27−30.
Ajaiyeoba, E.O. (2002). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts. Africa Journal of Biomedical Resource, 5 (3):125 – 129.
Anthony, A. D. (1982). Identification of Nigerian Freshwater Fishes. University of Jos Press, Jos, Nigeria, 21Pp.
APHA, (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. 16thEdn, American Public Health Association, New York, 1193Pp.
Ayuba, V.O and Ofojekwu, P.C. (2002). Acute toxicity of the root extract of Jimson ̓s Weed, Datura innoxia to the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Journal of Aquatic Science, 17(2):131-133.
Clay, D. (1979). Population biology growth and feeding of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with special reference to juveniles and their impotence in fish culture. Arch. Hydrobiol., 87:453-482.
Dahiya, S. A., Kuar and N.Jain, (2000). Studies on diflouridation of water with Eichornia Plant. J. Environ Biol., 21:337-340.
El-Mahmood, A.M. and Ameh, J. M. (2007). In-vitro Antibacterial activity of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) root bark extract against some micro-organisms associated with urinary tract infections. Africa Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (11):1272-1275.
Ezike, C. and Ufodike, E.B.C. (2008). Acute toxicity of petrol to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Annals of Research in Nigeria, 6:1-4.
Fafioye, O.O. (2005). Plants with piscicidal activities in South Western Nigeria.Turk. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci., 5:91-97.
Fafioye, O.O., Adebisi, A.A. and Fagade, S.O. (2004). Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extract on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Afr. J. Biotechnology, 3:627-630.
FAO (1986).Manual of methods in aquatic environment research. Part 10. Short-term static bioassays. FAO Fish Tech. Paper No. 247: 62Pp.
Hogendoorn, H. (1979) Controlled propagation of Africa catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V) Reproductive biology and field experiment. Aquaculture, 17:323−333.
Hopkins, B. (1983).The taxonomy, reproductive biology and economic potentials of Parkia in Africa and Madagascar.Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 87:135−167.
Jenness, J. (1967). The use of plants as fish poison within the Kainji Basin. In: Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Reed W (ed.). Gaskiya Corporation, Zaria, Nigeria, 201−202.
Kori-Siakpere, O. and Oviroh, E.O. (2011). Acute toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust on the African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Archives of Applied Science Research, 3:1− 7.
Okomoda, V.T. and Ataguba, G.A. (2011): Blood glucose response of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of glyphosate-sopropylammonium (Sunsate). Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, 3(6):69-75.
Olaifa, F. E., Olaifa, A.K. and Lewis, O.O. (2003).Toxic stress of lead on Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) fingerlings. Afr. J. Biomed Res., 6:101-104.
Omoregie, E., Okpannchi, A. and Onusiriuka, B. (1998). Effects of sublethal concentrations of formalin on weight gain in the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Trewaves) Asian Fisheries Science 10: 323-327.
Omoniyi, I. Agbon, A.O., Sodunke, S.A. (2002). Effect of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of tobacco(Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust extract on weight and haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus (burchell) Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management.6(2):37-
Onusiriuka, B. C. and Ufodike, B. C.(1994). Acute toxicity of water extracts of sausage, Kigelia africana plant, and akee apple, Blighia sapida, on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 9:35-41.
Orasaye, J. A. O. and Ogbebo, P. E. (1997).The acute toxicity of copper to Clarias gariepinus in soft water.Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 10:19-23.
Oshode, O.A.,Bakare, A.A.,Adeogun, A.A. and Sowunmi, A. A.(2008). Eco-toxicological Assessment using Clarias gariepinus and Microbial Characterization of Leachte from Municipal Solid Landfill, International Journal of Environmental Research, 2(4):391-400.
Oti, E.E and Ukpabi,U.H (2000). Acute toxicity of milk extracts Thevetia peruviana (Persoon) to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Tengels). Afr. J. Sci. Technol., 1:132-138.
Rahman, M. M., Varga, I. and Choudhury, S.N. (1992). Manual on African Magur (Clarias gariepinus) Culture in Bangladesh. FAO-UNDP, Dhaka. Bangladesh, 1-45.
Reed, W., Barichard, J. Hopson, J.A., James, J. and Yaro, T. (1969). Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria, Zaria, Gaskiya Co-operation, 226 Pp.
United Nation Environmental Program (1989). Estimate of Acute Lethal Toxicity of Pollutants in Marine Fish and Invetebrates. Reference Methods for Pollution Studies, 43: 27Pp.
Usman, J.I., Auta, J., Adamu, A. and Bolorondro, P. (2010). Toxicity of methanol Extract of Tephosia vogelii, F. (Hook) to the Juveniles of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus, (Teugels). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (IJPRD), 2(1):31-32.
USN International (2003). Genstat Discovery Edition 4. USN International Limited Van Andel, T. (2000). The diverse uses of fish-poison plants in Northwest Guyana.Economic Botany 54:500- 512.