Keywords
Haematology
Biochemical
Nile Tilapia
Roselle
Seed meal
Biochemical
Nile Tilapia
Roselle
Seed meal
Abstract
The fish used for the experiment were fingerlings of Nile tilapia with a mean weight of 0.60g procured from the Federal Department of Fisheries fish farm in Kaduna. The experiment involved growth trials using five diets comprising unprocessed, boiled, fermented, soaked, and sprouted Hibiscus sabdariffa seed meal-based diet for seven months. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein of the fish for hematological indices. The results indicated that fermented roselle showed higher (0.99mg/l) hemoglobin erythrocyte (8.95mg/l), and hematocrit (31.50%) levels. The unprocessed roselle-based had the lowest values of 0.74mg/l, 7.4mg/l, and 29.4% for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, respectively. Liver and spleen enlargement occurred in the fish fed unprocessed roselle, indicative of hepatocyte necrosis and chronic inflammatory response. Using unprocessed roselle seed meal in the diet of O. niloticus adversely affected its blood parameters and organ health, suggesting potential physiological stress.References
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Ngongolo, K. and Magendero, J (2022). Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under A Locally Formulated Feed in Concrete Ponds. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 21(1), 61-67
Ogunji, J.O., Toor, H.K., Omitoyin, B.O. & Adeparusi, E. O. (2017). Roselle Seed Meal as A Protein Source in Aquaculture: A review. Journal of Aquatic Science, 32(1),1-11
.
Rinchard, J., Mbahinzireki, G., Dabrowski, K., Lee, K.J., Garcia-Abiado, M.A. & Ottobre, J. (2003). Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Meal Protein Level on Growth, Gonad Development, and Plasma Sex Steroid Hormones of Tropical Fish Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Aquaculture International 20: 11-28.
Taco, A.G.J., Hasan, M.R. & Metian, M. (2019). Sustainable Aquaculture of Feed Development: A review: Aquaculture Research, 50(1),15-33.
Tavares-Dias, M., Souza, A.T., Oliveira, S.R. & Silva, L. M. and Lima, S.M. (2017). Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of fish. In Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. Springer, 257-276.
. Uloh, E.V., Ede, E.A., Onyeke, A.C. & Bar-Anyam, N. M. (2023) Evaluation of Plant-base protein Consumption among rural households in Igbo-Eze North local government area, Enugu State Journal of family and society research. 2 (2), 56-67.
AOAC (2002) Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Methods of analysis the association of of analytical chemist. Association of Analytical Chemist inc.Arlington. 2:1-2304.
Blown, J.H., Lee, K.J., Rinchard, J., Dabrowski, K. & Ottobre, J. (2001). Reproductive Efficiency and Maternal-Offspring Transfer of Gossypol in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets Containing Cottonseed Meal. Journal of Animal Science, 79(6),1533-1539.
Claudia, L., Valverd, M., Dulcey, A.C., Carlos, R., Varela,R.M., Jose,M.G.,Francisco,A.M.,& Martinez,J.M (2019). Hydrolysable Tannins and Biological Activities of Meriana.
Hernandoi, C and Meriana nobilis (2001) (Melastomataceae) Journals molecules 24 (4),103-390. Molecules 24040746. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/4/746.
Dai, W., Li, Z., Zhang, Y. & Chen, J. (2022). Flow Cytometric Analysis of Fish Blood Cells. Journal of Fish Diseases, 45(1), 15-28.
Elmore, S. (2007). Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death. Toxicologic Pathology, 35(2), 495–516.
FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Harper, G.M., Johnston, W.L., Flick, G.J., Sink, T.D. & Peterson, B.C. (2018). Hematological and Biochemical Responses of Fish To Dietary Ingredients, Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(2), 257-276.
Hrubec, T.C. & Smith, S.A. (2000). Haematology of Fish. In: Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. 5th edition Edited by Feldman, B.F. Zinkl, J.G. and Jain, N.C. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (USA) 34:1120-1125.
Ikewuchi, C. C (2008). Chemical Profile of Pleurotus tuberregium (Fr) Sing’s sclerotia. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 10(1),295-299.
Jiraungkoorskul, W., Upatham, E.S., Kruatrachue, M., Sahaphong, S., VichasriGrams, S., & Pokethitiyook, P. (2003). Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Glyphosate Herbicide on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Toxicology 18:260–267.
Kelly, M.E. (1979). A review of fish hematology. Journal of Fish Biology, 15(4), 481-496.
Khizar, A., Fatima, M., Khan, N., & Rashid, M.A (2024). The Effect of Phytase Inclusions In Diets Containing Rice Protein Concentrate (Rpc) on The Nutrient Digestibility, Growth, nd Chemical Characteristic of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Plos one.2(5):19- 24. doi10.131171/journals.pone.0302859.PMID: 38787870; PMCID: PMC 11125473.
Lin, S., & Luo, L. (2011). Effects of Different Levels of Soybean Meal Inclusion In Replacement For Fish Meal on Growth, Digestive Enzymes and Transaminase Activities In Practical Diets For Juvenile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. Animal Feed Science and Technology 168: 80–87.
.
Martins M. L., Mouriño, J. L. P., Amaral, G. V., Vieira, F. N., Dotta G., Jatobá, A. M. B., Pedrotti F. S., Jerônimo G. T., Buglione-Neto C. C. & Pereira-Jr G (2008). Hematological Changes In Nile Tilapia Experimentally Infected with Enterococcus sp. Brazilian Journal of Biology 68:657-661.
Musa-Azara, N., Alhassan,E.J,.& Otunuya, D.O.(2023).Evaluation of Roselle Seed Meal as Substitute For Fishmeal In The Diets of Nile tilapia. Journal of Aquatic Science, 38(1),12-23.
Natt, M.P. Levine, H.B., Herrick, C.A. & McDaniel, G. R. (2018). Hematology Procedures for fish. In Fsh Hematology and Immunology. Academic Press, 17-34.
Ngongolo, K. and Magendero, J (2022). Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Under A Locally Formulated Feed in Concrete Ponds. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 21(1), 61-67
Ogunji, J.O., Toor, H.K., Omitoyin, B.O. & Adeparusi, E. O. (2017). Roselle Seed Meal as A Protein Source in Aquaculture: A review. Journal of Aquatic Science, 32(1),1-11
.
Rinchard, J., Mbahinzireki, G., Dabrowski, K., Lee, K.J., Garcia-Abiado, M.A. & Ottobre, J. (2003). Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Meal Protein Level on Growth, Gonad Development, and Plasma Sex Steroid Hormones of Tropical Fish Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Aquaculture International 20: 11-28.
Taco, A.G.J., Hasan, M.R. & Metian, M. (2019). Sustainable Aquaculture of Feed Development: A review: Aquaculture Research, 50(1),15-33.
Tavares-Dias, M., Souza, A.T., Oliveira, S.R. & Silva, L. M. and Lima, S.M. (2017). Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of fish. In Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. Springer, 257-276.
. Uloh, E.V., Ede, E.A., Onyeke, A.C. & Bar-Anyam, N. M. (2023) Evaluation of Plant-base protein Consumption among rural households in Igbo-Eze North local government area, Enugu State Journal of family and society research. 2 (2), 56-67.