Keywords
Clarias gariepinus
behavioural responses
acute toxicity
Abstract
In the present study, leachate from the Lokoja waste dumpsite was assessed for its acute toxicity using behavioural responses and mortality of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as endpoints of toxicity. The raw leachate was analyzed for physico-chemical parameters where Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were above the permissible limits by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) while Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was below the permissible limits. A total of120 juveniles of C. gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of leachate in a 96hr static bioassay. The observed behavioural responses ranged from air gulping, rolling movement, erratic swimming, loss of reflex to skin discoloration. The mortality of fish exposed to the leachate was observed to be concentration-dependent. There were no mortalities recorded in leachate concentrations of (0 – 40) % but, the 100% concentration of leachate had the highest number of mortalities. The 96-hour LC50 was calculated to be 95.236% using Probit Method. The high LC50 of the leachate and behavioural responses observed are suggestive of its slight toxicity which could be due to the young age of the waste dump site. We hope to further evaluate the waste dump site leachate using different biomarkers and different bioindicator organisms, in order to have a better understanding of its toxicity in the ecosystem.
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