Abstract
A review of migratory activity in fishes reveals that migration is important for the completion of the life cycle. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the widespread existence of spatio-temporal variations in the abundance and distribution of species of freshwater fishes, previously assumed not to move between habitats. These movements are often for spawning, feeding, and refuge, and in many cases are fundamental for the successful completion of life cycles. Chemical and physical changes in the water environment affect the migration of fish. Most fish undertake feeding, breeding, or wintering migrations. Several studies have documented the influence of freshwater and ocean conditions, climate variability, and human impacts resulting from impoundment and aquaculture on fish migration.
References
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Binder, T. R, Cook, S. J. and Hinch, S. G. (2011). The Biology of Fish Migration. In: Encyclopedia of fish physipology: From Genome to Environment, Farel, A. P. (Ed.) 3: 1921-1927.
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Lucas, M. C. and Bartley, E. (1996). Seasonal movement and behaviour of adult Barbel barbus barbus, A Riverine Ciprinid Fish: Implication for River Management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33(6):1345-1358.
McDowall, R. M. (1988). Diadromy in Fishes: Migrations Between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, London, 309Pp.
Neraas, L. P. and Spruell, P. (2001). Fragmentation of riverine system. The Genetic effects of dams on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Clark Fork River System. Molecula Ecology 10:1153-1164.
Northcote, T. G. (1998). Migratory behavior of fish and its significance to movement through fish passage facilities, In: Fish migration and fish Byepasses, Jungwirth, M., Schmutz, S. (Eds). Blackwell Science Oxford.
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Standen, E. M., Hinch, S. G., Healey, M. C., and Farell, A. P. (2002). Energetic cost of migration through the Fraser River Cayon, British Columbia in adult pink (Onchorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye (Onchorhynchus nerka) salmon as assessed by EMG telemetry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries
and aquatic Sciences, 59:1809-1841.
Stanewsky, R. (2003). Gentic analyses of circadian system in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals. Journal of Neurobiology, 54(1)111-117.
Tudorache, C., Blush, R. and De Boeck, G. (2007). Swimming Capacity and Energetics of Migrating morph and three stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and their ecological implications. Journal of Fish Biology, 71:1448-1456.
Vrieze, L. A. (2010). Importance of the olfactory sense to migratory sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, Seeking riverrine spawning habitat. Journal of Fish Biology, 4:47-59.
Baxter, R. M., (1977). Environmental effects of Dams and Impoundment. Annual Review of Ecology and systematic, 8:255-283.
Binder, T. R, Cook, S. J. and Hinch, S. G. (2011). The Biology of Fish Migration. In: Encyclopedia of fish physipology: From Genome to Environment, Farel, A. P. (Ed.) 3: 1921-1927.
Bond, C. E. (1996). Biology of Fish, Second Edition, Saunders College Publishers, Forth Worth.
Brandshaw, W. E., and Holzapfel, C. M. (2007). Evolution of Animal Photoperiodism.Annual Review of Ecology:Evolution and systematic, 38: 1-25.
Chino, N. and Arai, T. (2010). Migratory history of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Bonin Island of Japan. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 19: 19-25.
Dingle, H. and Drake, V. A. (2007). What is Migration? Bioscience, 57:113-121.
Franscisco, E. (2004). Tales of the Undammed. Science News, 15:235-237.
Hickman, C. P., Robert, L. S., Keen, S. L., Larson, A. I’Anson, H. and Einsenhour, D. J. (2008). Integrated Principles of Zoology, Fourteenth edition, McGraw Hill Inc, 910p.
Hinch, S. G., Cooke, S. J., Healey, M. C. and Farrell, A. P. (2006). Behavioural Incomplete, not lost. Ecology, 83:1-13.
Johnson, P. B. and Hasler, A. D. (2006). The use of chemicals cues in the upstream migration of Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch Walburn. Journal of fish Biology, 17(1):67-73.
Johnstone, K. A. Lubieniecki, K. P. Koop, B. F. and Davidson W. S. (2001). Expression of olfactory receptors in the different life stages and life histories of wild Atlantic salmon, (Salmo solar). Molecular Ecology, 20(19):4059-4069.
Lagler, F. K., Bardach, E. J., Miller, R. R. and Maypassino, R. D. (1997). Icthyology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 163-195.
Lucas, M. C. and Baras, E. (2001). Migration of Freshwater Fishes. Black Science, Oxford.
Lucas, M. C. and Bartley, E. (1996). Seasonal movement and behaviour of adult Barbel barbus barbus, A Riverine Ciprinid Fish: Implication for River Management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33(6):1345-1358.
McDowall, R. M. (1988). Diadromy in Fishes: Migrations Between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, London, 309Pp.
Neraas, L. P. and Spruell, P. (2001). Fragmentation of riverine system. The Genetic effects of dams on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Clark Fork River System. Molecula Ecology 10:1153-1164.
Northcote, T. G. (1998). Migratory behavior of fish and its significance to movement through fish passage facilities, In: Fish migration and fish Byepasses, Jungwirth, M., Schmutz, S. (Eds). Blackwell Science Oxford.
Pavet, P. (2000). Melatonin and Bilogical rhythms. Biosignal receipts, 9:203-213.
Palvov, D. S., Mikheer, V. N., Lupandin, A. I., and Skorobogator, M. A. (2008). Ecological and behavioural influences on juvenile fish migrations in regulated waters: A review of experimental field studies. Hydrobiologia, 609(1):125-138.
Rand, P. S., Hinch, S. G., Morrision, J., Foreman, M. G., MacnNutt, M. J., MacDonald, J. S., Healey, M. C., Farell, A. P. and Higgs, D. A. (2006). Effects of river discharge, temperature and future climates on energetic and mortality of adult migrating Fraser River Sockeye Salmon. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 135:655-677.
Standen, E. M., Hinch, S. G., Healey, M. C., and Farell, A. P. (2002). Energetic cost of migration through the Fraser River Cayon, British Columbia in adult pink (Onchorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye (Onchorhynchus nerka) salmon as assessed by EMG telemetry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries
and aquatic Sciences, 59:1809-1841.
Stanewsky, R. (2003). Gentic analyses of circadian system in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals. Journal of Neurobiology, 54(1)111-117.
Tudorache, C., Blush, R. and De Boeck, G. (2007). Swimming Capacity and Energetics of Migrating morph and three stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. and their ecological implications. Journal of Fish Biology, 71:1448-1456.
Vrieze, L. A. (2010). Importance of the olfactory sense to migratory sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, Seeking riverrine spawning habitat. Journal of Fish Biology, 4:47-59.