Keywords
Egg size
Gonadosomatic Index
Maturity stages
Gonadosomatic Index
Maturity stages
Abstract
Some aspects of the reproductive Biology of Bagrus bajad were investigated to determine egg diameter, gonadosomatic index and gonad maturity stages. A total of five hundred and twenty-three (523) fish were collected by purposive sampling from the fishermen's bycatch for 24 months. Mean values calculated were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance at 95 % confidence level (p≤0.05). Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was introduced to rank the means when the difference is significant. Egg size measured showed no significant (P>0.05) variation from 0.988±0.05mm to 0.813±0.06mm. The peak (4.643±0.27%) of the gonadosomatic index was in August and the least (0.401±0.04) value was recorded in February for males. In females, the value fluctuated from 6.414±0.60% (June) to 0.510±0.09% (February). The mean gonadosomatic index for females and combined sex in the rainy months was significantly higher than the dry months at P<0.05. Six gonad maturity stages were identified. Testes and ovaries that were not matured occurred almost throughout the sampling period. Matured gonads were observed more in the rainy months. The fish with higher body weight recorded higher ovary weight but the size of the egg did not differ significantly among fish with varying body ranges. This implies that eggs contain the same amount of food reserve, so also survival and hatchability. The breeding pattern of B. bajad is during the rainy season and the fish are seasonal breeders. Histological study of male and female gonads of the same species in the reservoir is recommended to complement the macroscopic investigation. The exploitation of B. bajad in the reservoir should be within the dry season in order not to deplete the fishery of brood stock.
References
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Ahmad, N. D., Abdulkarim, B. & Suleiman, M. (2021). Reproductive Biology of Bagrus bayad (Forskal, 1775) from Jibiya Dam of Katsina State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 9(4),111-117.
Amtyaz, M., Khan, A., Khan, M.Z. & Hashmi, M.U. (2013). Studies on Gonadosomatic Index & Stages of Gonadal Development of Striped Piggy Fish, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskal, 1775) (Family; Pomadasyidae) of Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1(5), 28-31.
Anja, H., Dadebo, E. &Mengistou, S. (2009). Reproductive Biology and Condition factor of the Catfish Bagrus docmak (Forsskål) (Pisces: Bagridae) in Lake Chamo, Ethiopia. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 32(1), 29–36.
Asres, A. T., Alebachew, S. and Kebtieneh, N. (2023). Length-weight Relationships and Reproductive Biology of Commercially Important Fishes from Ribb Reservoir, Ethiopia. Fish and Aquatic Science, 26(5), 318-335.
Balogun, J.K. & Auta, J. (2001). Fisheries and DevelopmentPpotentials of Lake Kangimi, Kaduna State. Nigerian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 50-56.
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Dambo, A., Omoregie, E., Oniye, S.J. & Abolude, D.S. (2013). Length-Weight Relationship of Fish Species in Kangimi Lake, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal of the Tropics 10(2), 98-102.
Ekokotu, P. A. & Olele, N. F. (2014). Cycle of Gonad Maturation, Condition Index and Spawning of Clarotes laticeps (Claroteidae) In the Lower River Niger. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 1(6), 144-150.
Fábio, P. A., Fabiano, A. S., Enemir, S. J., Elizete, R., Yoshimi, S. & Nilo, B. (2017). Comparative Morphology of Gonads from Six Species of Fish Belonging to The Family Anostomidae (Characiformes: Anostomidae). International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, 65(2), 713-723 http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.23988
Fakoya, K. A. & Anetekhai, M. A. (2019). Macroscopic Gonad Staging and Reproductive Seasonality in the Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis a gonochoristic West African Lutjanid. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 27(1), 1 – 22.
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Hirpo, L.A. (2012). Breeding Season and Condition Factor of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(3),116-120.
Hulata, R., Moav, R. & Wohlfarth, G. (1974). The relationship of gonad and Egg size to Weight and Age in the Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish Biology 6: 745-758.
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Jegede, O.I. & Fawole, O.O. (2011). Fecundity and Egg Size Variation in Tilipia zilli (Coptodon zilli) and Tilapia mariae from Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science 13(2), 219 – 225.
Kariyanti. N., Jayadi, I. & Yusuf, A. (2021). Fecundity and Egg Diameter of Endemic Fish (Telmatherina bonti Weber and De Beaufort, 1922) from Towuti Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 9(3), 378-382.
Karnatak, G., Sarkar, U. K., Naskar. M., Roy, K., Gupta, S., Nandy, S. K., Srivastava, P. K., Sarkar, S. D., Sudheesan, D., Bose, A. K. & Verma, V. K. (2018). Understanding the Role of Climatic and Environmental Variables In Gonadal Maturation and Spawning Periodicity Of Spotted Snakehead, Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) in a tropical floodplain wetland, India. Environmental Biology of Fishes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0722-6.
Kebede, M. T., Getahun, A. & Lemma, B. (2018). Reproductive Biology of Commercially Important Fish Species in Lake Langeno, Ethiopia. Asian Fisheries Science, 31:319–339.
Mahmoud, W.F., Amin, A.M.M., Kamal-Fathey-Elboray, K.F., Ramadan, A.M. & EL-Halfway, M.M (2011). Reproductive Biology and Some Observation on the Age, Growth, and Management of Tilapia zilli (Gerv, 1848) from Lake Timsah, Egypt. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture.3(2), 16-26.
Nelson, J.S. (2006). Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Son Inc., New Jersey, p.601p.
Oboh, I. P., Ogbeibu, A. E. & Ogoanah, S.O. (2013). Gonadal Development, Fecundity and Spawning Pattern of Synodontis schall (Pisces: Mochokidae) from Jamieson River, Nigeria. Research and Reviews: Journal of Zoological Sciences, 1(2), 13-23.
Oboh, I. P. & Omoigberale, M.O. (2014). Fecundity and Spawning Frequency of Chrysichthys furcatus Gunther, 1864 (Osteichthyes: Bagridae) from Jamieson River, Nigeria. Peak Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 21-29.
Olanrewaju, A.N., Kareem, O. K. & Oforishe, P. O. (2020). Proximate and Micronutrient Composition of Bayad (Bagrus bajad) and upside-down catfish (Synodontis resupinatus) from Lake Alau, Nigeria. Animal Research International, 17(2), 3706 – 3712.
Olaosebikan, B.D & Raji, A. (2013). A field guide to Nigerian Freshwater Fish. Revised Edition. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria, 144p.
Olowo, U. C., Egun, N. K. & Oboh, I. P. (2023). Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Synodontis schall from a lotic freshwater in Nigeria. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26(4), 256-267.
Olurin, K.B. & Savage, O.D. (2011). Reproductive Biology, Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura, from River Oshun, Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 3(8), 146-150.
Oluwale, F. V., Ugwumba, A. A. A. & Ugwumba, A. A. (2019). Aspects of the Biology of Gymnarchus niloticus (Curvier 1829) from Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(3), 267-274.
Opadokun, I. O & Ajani, E. K. (2015). Some Aspects of The Reproductive Biology of Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier, 1829 (Knifefish) in Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(3), 166-170.
Reed, W., Burchard, J., Hopson, A.J., Jennes, J. H. & Yaro, I. (1967). Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Ministry of Agriculture, Northern Nigeria, 226p.
Séraphin, K. Z., Lassina, D., Mexmin, K. K., Mamadou, Q. & Ouattara Allassane, Q. (2022). Reproductive biology of the main fish species in lakes Taabo, Kossou and Faé (Côte d’Ivoire) with a View to Rational Fishing. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(1), 46-55.
Shalloof, K.A. & Salama, H. M. (2008). Investigations on Some Aspects of Reproductive Biology in O. niloticus (Linnaeus) in Abu-Zabal Lake, Egyptian Global Veterinaria, 2:351–359.
Shinkafi, B. A., Ipinjolu, J.K. & Hassan, W. A. (2011). Gonad Maturation Stages of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) in River Rima, North-Western Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6: 236-246.
Shinkafi, B. A., Salim, A. M. & Yusuf, M. A. (2013). Some Aspects of the Biology of Distichodus rostratus (Gunther, 1864) in River Rima, North-western Nigeria. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 3(4), 136-145.
Teame, T., Zebib, H., & Meresa, T. 2018). Observations on the Biology of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., in Tekeze Reservoir, Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 10: 86-94.
Usman, A., Solomon, S.G. & Okayi, R.G. (2014). Aspects of the biology of some selected Fish Species from Lake Alau, Arid Zone Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2(2), 18 –23.
Wagaw, S., Mengistou, S. & Getahun, A. (2022). The Aspect of The Growth and Reproductive Biology of Orechromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Tropical Soda Lake, Lake Shala, Ethiopia. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 25(7), 380-389.
Wagaw, S., Sisay, A., Bazezew, A., Enawgaw, Y. & Wosnie, A. (2024). Biological Aspects of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Geray Reservoir (Ethiopia) for Effective Sustainable Fisheries. Fish and Aquatic Science, 27(2),100-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47853/FAS.2024.e11
Wootton, R.J. (1992). Fish ecology: Tertiary level Biology. Chapman and Hall, New York, U.S.A. 132-140p.
Agbugui, M. O. Abhulimen, F. E. & Adeniyi, A. O. (2021). Abundance, Distribution, Morphometric, Feeding Evaluation and the Reproductive Strategies of Gymnarchus niloticus in the Lower River Niger at Agenebode, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Scientific Environmental Management, 25(8): 1371-1377.
Ahmad, N. D., Abdulkarim, B. & Suleiman, M. (2021). Reproductive Biology of Bagrus bayad (Forskal, 1775) from Jibiya Dam of Katsina State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 9(4),111-117.
Amtyaz, M., Khan, A., Khan, M.Z. & Hashmi, M.U. (2013). Studies on Gonadosomatic Index & Stages of Gonadal Development of Striped Piggy Fish, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskal, 1775) (Family; Pomadasyidae) of Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1(5), 28-31.
Anja, H., Dadebo, E. &Mengistou, S. (2009). Reproductive Biology and Condition factor of the Catfish Bagrus docmak (Forsskål) (Pisces: Bagridae) in Lake Chamo, Ethiopia. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 32(1), 29–36.
Asres, A. T., Alebachew, S. and Kebtieneh, N. (2023). Length-weight Relationships and Reproductive Biology of Commercially Important Fishes from Ribb Reservoir, Ethiopia. Fish and Aquatic Science, 26(5), 318-335.
Balogun, J.K. & Auta, J. (2001). Fisheries and DevelopmentPpotentials of Lake Kangimi, Kaduna State. Nigerian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 50-56.
Barton, M. (2007). Bond’s Biology of Fishes. Third edition, Thomson Learning, 891p.
Dambo, A., Omoregie, E., Oniye, S.J. & Abolude, D.S. (2013). Length-Weight Relationship of Fish Species in Kangimi Lake, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal of the Tropics 10(2), 98-102.
Ekokotu, P. A. & Olele, N. F. (2014). Cycle of Gonad Maturation, Condition Index and Spawning of Clarotes laticeps (Claroteidae) In the Lower River Niger. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 1(6), 144-150.
Fábio, P. A., Fabiano, A. S., Enemir, S. J., Elizete, R., Yoshimi, S. & Nilo, B. (2017). Comparative Morphology of Gonads from Six Species of Fish Belonging to The Family Anostomidae (Characiformes: Anostomidae). International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, 65(2), 713-723 http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.23988
Fakoya, K. A. & Anetekhai, M. A. (2019). Macroscopic Gonad Staging and Reproductive Seasonality in the Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis a gonochoristic West African Lutjanid. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 27(1), 1 – 22.
Froese, R. and Pauly. D. (2017). FishBase. www.fishbase.org, (02/2017) .
Goncalves, T.L., Bazzoli, N. & Brito, M.F.G. (2006). Gametogenesis and Reproduction of the Matrinxa, Brycon orthotaenia (Gunther, 1864) (Pisces, Characidae) in the Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 66: 513-522.
Hirpo, L.A. (2012). Breeding Season and Condition Factor of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(3),116-120.
Hulata, R., Moav, R. & Wohlfarth, G. (1974). The relationship of gonad and Egg size to Weight and Age in the Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish Biology 6: 745-758.
Idodo-Umeh, G. (2003). Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria: Taxonomy, Ecological Notes, Diet and Utilization. Idodo Umeh Publishers Ltd, 243pp.
Jan, M. & Ahmed, I. (2016). Assessment of Fecundity, Gonadosomatic Index and Hepatosomatic Index of Snow Trout, Schizothorax plagiostomusin river Lidder, from Kashmir Himalaya, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(2), 370-375.
Jega, I. S., Daramola, I. M. & Rasaq, I. (2020). Length-Weight Relationship and Spawning Season of Bagrus bayad (Forsskal, 1775) in Yamama Lake Kebbi State, Nigeria. Oceanography & Fisheries Open Access Journal, 12(4), 555841. DOI: 10.19080/OFOAJ.2020.12.555841.
Jegede, O.I. & Fawole, O.O. (2011). Fecundity and Egg Size Variation in Tilipia zilli (Coptodon zilli) and Tilapia mariae from Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science 13(2), 219 – 225.
Kariyanti. N., Jayadi, I. & Yusuf, A. (2021). Fecundity and Egg Diameter of Endemic Fish (Telmatherina bonti Weber and De Beaufort, 1922) from Towuti Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 9(3), 378-382.
Karnatak, G., Sarkar, U. K., Naskar. M., Roy, K., Gupta, S., Nandy, S. K., Srivastava, P. K., Sarkar, S. D., Sudheesan, D., Bose, A. K. & Verma, V. K. (2018). Understanding the Role of Climatic and Environmental Variables In Gonadal Maturation and Spawning Periodicity Of Spotted Snakehead, Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) in a tropical floodplain wetland, India. Environmental Biology of Fishes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0722-6.
Kebede, M. T., Getahun, A. & Lemma, B. (2018). Reproductive Biology of Commercially Important Fish Species in Lake Langeno, Ethiopia. Asian Fisheries Science, 31:319–339.
Mahmoud, W.F., Amin, A.M.M., Kamal-Fathey-Elboray, K.F., Ramadan, A.M. & EL-Halfway, M.M (2011). Reproductive Biology and Some Observation on the Age, Growth, and Management of Tilapia zilli (Gerv, 1848) from Lake Timsah, Egypt. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture.3(2), 16-26.
Nelson, J.S. (2006). Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Son Inc., New Jersey, p.601p.
Oboh, I. P., Ogbeibu, A. E. & Ogoanah, S.O. (2013). Gonadal Development, Fecundity and Spawning Pattern of Synodontis schall (Pisces: Mochokidae) from Jamieson River, Nigeria. Research and Reviews: Journal of Zoological Sciences, 1(2), 13-23.
Oboh, I. P. & Omoigberale, M.O. (2014). Fecundity and Spawning Frequency of Chrysichthys furcatus Gunther, 1864 (Osteichthyes: Bagridae) from Jamieson River, Nigeria. Peak Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 21-29.
Olanrewaju, A.N., Kareem, O. K. & Oforishe, P. O. (2020). Proximate and Micronutrient Composition of Bayad (Bagrus bajad) and upside-down catfish (Synodontis resupinatus) from Lake Alau, Nigeria. Animal Research International, 17(2), 3706 – 3712.
Olaosebikan, B.D & Raji, A. (2013). A field guide to Nigerian Freshwater Fish. Revised Edition. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria, 144p.
Olowo, U. C., Egun, N. K. & Oboh, I. P. (2023). Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Synodontis schall from a lotic freshwater in Nigeria. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26(4), 256-267.
Olurin, K.B. & Savage, O.D. (2011). Reproductive Biology, Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura, from River Oshun, Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 3(8), 146-150.
Oluwale, F. V., Ugwumba, A. A. A. & Ugwumba, A. A. (2019). Aspects of the Biology of Gymnarchus niloticus (Curvier 1829) from Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(3), 267-274.
Opadokun, I. O & Ajani, E. K. (2015). Some Aspects of The Reproductive Biology of Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier, 1829 (Knifefish) in Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(3), 166-170.
Reed, W., Burchard, J., Hopson, A.J., Jennes, J. H. & Yaro, I. (1967). Fish and Fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Ministry of Agriculture, Northern Nigeria, 226p.
Séraphin, K. Z., Lassina, D., Mexmin, K. K., Mamadou, Q. & Ouattara Allassane, Q. (2022). Reproductive biology of the main fish species in lakes Taabo, Kossou and Faé (Côte d’Ivoire) with a View to Rational Fishing. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(1), 46-55.
Shalloof, K.A. & Salama, H. M. (2008). Investigations on Some Aspects of Reproductive Biology in O. niloticus (Linnaeus) in Abu-Zabal Lake, Egyptian Global Veterinaria, 2:351–359.
Shinkafi, B. A., Ipinjolu, J.K. & Hassan, W. A. (2011). Gonad Maturation Stages of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) in River Rima, North-Western Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 6: 236-246.
Shinkafi, B. A., Salim, A. M. & Yusuf, M. A. (2013). Some Aspects of the Biology of Distichodus rostratus (Gunther, 1864) in River Rima, North-western Nigeria. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 3(4), 136-145.
Teame, T., Zebib, H., & Meresa, T. 2018). Observations on the Biology of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., in Tekeze Reservoir, Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 10: 86-94.
Usman, A., Solomon, S.G. & Okayi, R.G. (2014). Aspects of the biology of some selected Fish Species from Lake Alau, Arid Zone Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2(2), 18 –23.
Wagaw, S., Mengistou, S. & Getahun, A. (2022). The Aspect of The Growth and Reproductive Biology of Orechromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Tropical Soda Lake, Lake Shala, Ethiopia. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 25(7), 380-389.
Wagaw, S., Sisay, A., Bazezew, A., Enawgaw, Y. & Wosnie, A. (2024). Biological Aspects of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Geray Reservoir (Ethiopia) for Effective Sustainable Fisheries. Fish and Aquatic Science, 27(2),100-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47853/FAS.2024.e11
Wootton, R.J. (1992). Fish ecology: Tertiary level Biology. Chapman and Hall, New York, U.S.A. 132-140p.