Abstract
The study focused on the profit efficiency of concrete and earthen fish ponds in aquaculture enterprises in Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire administered through personal interviews. A multi-stage random procedure was used to obtain information from 63 and 87 earthen and concrete fish farmers respectively. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, budgetary and stochastic profit frontier models. The study revealed that both fish farming systems, households were male headed, of average productive age and have access to productive credit through their formal cooperative organizations. The earthen pond system operators earned total revenue of N464, 033 per 1,000 pieces with net fish income of ₦144. 1 per fish sold and concrete pond system operators had total revenue of N465, 599 per 1,000 pieces with net fish income of N69.2 per fish sold. The result showed a profit margin of 31.04% and 14.86%; gross ratio of 33.80% and 19.66%; return on investment of 1.45 and 1.17 for earthen and concrete pond system respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the average profit efficiency levels of earthen fish ponds (0.747) and concrete ponds (0.793) at the 5 % level of probability. Profit loss was significant among farmers who did not go to school for both systems. In conclusion, aquaculture is a profitable and viable business, regardless of the culture system. Fish farmers should form a formidable social organization to benefit from the economy of bulk purchase of fish input supply, fish farm advisory services, increased access to micro-credit, and access to modern fish pond techniques.
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